Abstract

Large-scale ad hoc wireless networks are becoming a reality because to the growing number of mobile devices that implement Device-to-Device (D2D) communication protocols natively. The WiFi Alliance recently developed and standardised WiFi Direct, a revolutionary D2D protocol designed to make it easier for neighbouring devices to connect. On the other hand, WiFi Direct was created using a client-server hierarchical architecture, in which one device controls all of the communications among a collection of devices. In this work, we use Android OS devices to allow the communications between many WiFi Direct groups and we propose and analyse several options. In order to establish multi-hop ad hoc networks, we can connect several groups by outlining the WiFi Direct standard and the shortcomings of the Android WiFi Direct framework as it is currently implemented. Our suggested approaches, with varying costs in terms of energy usage and gateway node delay, are demonstrably practical based on experimental results. Our test findings also show how effective methods are that take use of the device's capacity to keep several groups' physical connections open at once.